Adverbial Clauses III

Denny Bayu Listiawan On Minggu, 21 Oktober 2012

Hallo broosist, ini nih ada sedikit bahan modul english tentang adverbial clauses III mungkin bisa membantu buat yang lagi dapet tugas dan kesulitan buat nyari bahan... :) silahkaan dilihat

Adverbial Clauses III

Modul 12 merupakan rangkaian yang terakhir dari pembahasan tentang Adverbial Clauses pada mata kuliah Structure II ini. Adverbial clauses yang lainnya, Adverbial Clauses of Conditions, akan dibahas pada mata kuliah Structure III (PING 3326). Modul ini akan membahas Adverbial Clauses of Opposition (Contrast) dan Adverbial Clauses of Cause.

Setelah mempelajari modul 12 ini, Anda diharapkan dapat:

1. melengkapi kalimat dengan adverbial clause of opposition.

2. Menggabungkan dua kalimat menjadi sebuah kalimat dengan adverbial clause of opposition.

3. Menggunakan adverbial clause dengan benar.

4. Menggabungkan dua kalimat menjadi sebuah kalimat dengan adverbial clause of cause.

Unit 1
Adverbial Clauses of Opposition (Contrast)

Adverbial Clauses of Opposition mempunyai dua jenis yaitu concessive dan adversative. Concessive clause menunjukkan kontras secara parsial, maksudnya klausa ini mengungkapkan syarat (akibat) yang tidak diharapkan (unexpected result) yang diungkapkan pada main clause. Sedangkan adversative clause menunjukkan kontras langsung (direct opposition) sehingga kedua klausa dalam kalimat memperlihatkan kontras yang jelas.

1. Concessive Clauses.

Conjunction yang digunakan dalam cancessive clause of contrast adalah:

Even though

Although

Though

Despite

In spite of

the fact that

Regardless of

notwithstanding

Pelajari contoh-contoh kalimat di bawah ini.

Conjunction

Examples

Explanation

Even though

Although

Though

Even though I felt very tired, I tried to finish my work.
Although he was in a hurry, he stopped to help him.
Though he was in a hurry, he stopped to help the boy.

Ketiga kata penghubung tersebut mempunyai pengertian yang sama. Akan tetapi though digunakan dalam bentuk yang tidakformal.

In spite of

Despite

Notwithstanding

the fact that

	He does a full day’s work in spite of the fact that he is eighty years old.
	Despite the fact that prices went down recently, the company made a huge profit.
	The company made a huge profit notwithstanding the fact that prices went down.

	In spite of, despite, dan notwithstanding adalah subordinate conjunctions yang diawali dengan preposition atau prepotitional phrases ditambah dengan the fact that.
	Despite dan notwithstanding adalah prepositions, sedangkan in spite of adalah prepositional phrase.

Kita bisa menggunakan conjunctions, transitions, dan prepositions untuk menyatakan kontras (unexpected result).

Pelajari contoh-contoh di bawah ini.

Adverb clauses

Even though

Although

Though

I tried to finish the workeven though I felt very tired.
He stopped to help the boyalthough he was in a hurry.
He stopped to help the boythough he was in a hurry.

Conjunctions

But…anyway

But…still

Yet…still
But (yet)

	I felt very tired, but I tried to finish the work anyway.
	I felt very tired, but I still tried to finish the work.
	I felt very tired, yet I still tried to finish the work.

Transitions
(Conjunctive Adverbs)

Nevertheless

Nonetheless

However

	I felt very tired.Nevertheless, I tried to finish the work.
	I felt very tired.Nonetheless, I tried to finish the work.
	I felt very tired. However,I tried to finish the work.
	I felt very tired; however, I tried to finish the work.

Prepositions

Despite

In spite of

Notwithstanding

	I tried to finish the workdespite the tiredness.
	I tried to finish the work in spite of the tiredness.
	I tried to finish the worknotwitstanding the tiredness.

	Although (he is) working long hours, he manages to find time for relaxation.
	Although (she was) hired as bookeeper, she also does secretarial work.
	Although (he is) only a child, he works as hard as an adult.
	Although (he is) very young, he works as hard as an adult.

Seluruh contoh kalimat dalam tabel mempunyai pengertian yang sama. Akan tetapi yang merupakan adverbial clauses in complex sentence hanya nomor 1 s/d 3. Contoh kalimat no. 4 s/d 6 merupakan compound sentences karena menggunakan coordinate conjunctions, sedangkan kalimat no. 7 s/d 9 adalah dua independent (main) clauses yang menggunakan transitions ( conjunctive adverbs). Contoh no. 11 s/d 13 adalah simple sentences.

Abridgment (penyingkatan/ pemendekan) adverbial clauses of contrast bisa dilakukan dengan cara menghilangkan subyek dan bentuk be dari klausa tersebut. Pelajari contoh-contoh kalimat pada no. 14 s/d 17.

2. Adversative Clauses.

Kata penghubung yang digunakan dalam adversative clauses of contrast yaitu:

While

Where

Whereas

Pelajari kalimat-kalimat berikut.

Conjunctions

Examples

Explanation

Whereas

While

Where

Some people delight in doing good, whereas others take pleasure in doing evil.
Some newspapers carry many advertisementwhile others have none at all.
Some people take pleasure in doing evil, whereas others delight in doing good.
Some newspapers have no advertising at all, while others carry many advertisements.
Some newspapers have no advertising at all, where others carry many advertisements.

	Whereas dan while digunakan untuk menunjukkan oposisi langsung, yaitu bahwa "A" betul-betul berlawanan dengan "B"
	Whereas dan while dapat digunakan dengan kedua klausa dalam kalimat tanpa ada perbedaan. Pelajari kalimat 1 s/d 4.
	Tanda koma tetap digunakan walaupun adverbial clause berada setelah main clause.
	Where digunakan dalam situasi yang tidak formal.

Coordinate conjunction

But

Transitions

However

On the other hand

Some people delight in doing good, but others take pleasure in doing evil.
Some people take pleasure in doing evil, but others delight in doing good.
Some people take pleasure in doing evil; however, others delight in doing good.
Some people take pleasure in doing evil. On the other hand, others delight in doing good.
Some people delight in doing good. Others, on the other hand,take pleasure in doing evil.

	Cara lain untuk menunjukkan oposisi langsung kita bisa menggunakan coordinate conjunction dan transitions.
	Coordinate conjunction but dan transitions (conjunctive adverbs) however, dan on the other hand bisa digunakan untuk menggantikan whereas atau while.

Unit 2

Adverbial Clauses of Cause.

Adverbial Clause of Cause menggunakan kata penghubung yang berkenaan dengan sebab. Kata –kata penghubung tersebut adalah:

Because

Since

Now (that)

Inasmuch as

As/so long as

Untuk lebih memahami bahasan tentang Adverbial Clause of Cause, pelajari contoh-contoh kalimat yang diberikan dalam tabel berikut.

Conjunctions

Examples

Explanation

Because

Since

Now that

Inasmuch as

As/so long as

He couldn’t comebecause he was ill.

Since he was ill, he couldn’t come.
He couldn’t come as he was ill.
Now that he has passed the exam, he can get his degree.
Inasmuch as no one was hurt because of his negligence, the judge gave him a light sentence. (hukuman)
As long as it is raining, I won’t go out tonight.

	Sama halnya dengan adverbial clause yang lain, adverbial clause of cause bisa menempati posisi awal dan bisa juga pada posisi akhir.
	Tanda koma digunakan apabila klausa ini berada pada awal kalimat.
	Since, as = because.
	Now that = because now. now that digunakan dalam bentuk present dan future.

Because adalah subordinate conjunction yang digunakan untuk mengawali adverbial clause of cause. Because diikuti oleh subyek dan kata kerja. (predikat)

Untuk menyatakan hubungan sebab akibat kita bisa menggunakan coordinate conjunction (so) dan subordinate conjunction (because), dan preposition. Untuk lebih jelasnya pelajari contoh-contoh dalam tabel berikut.

Conjunctions

1. Subordinate

2. Coordinate

Because

Because he was sick, he didn’t come.
He didn’t come because he was sick.
He was sick, so he didn’t come.

Prepositions

Because of

Due to

Due to the fact that

	Because of his sickness, he didn’t come.
	Due to his sickness, he didn’t come.
	Due to the fact that he was sick,he didn’t come.

	He didn’t come because of his sickness.
	He didn’t come due to his sickness.
	He didn’t come due to the fact that he was sick.

Keterangan

Because adalah subordinate conjunction yang digunakan untuk mengawali adverbial clause of cause. Bacause diikuti oleh subyek dan kata kerja (predikat).

Because of dan due to adalah preposisi dan diikuti oleh obyek kata benda.

Kadang-kadang preposisi due to diikuti oleh noun clause yang diawali dengan the fact that.

Frasa-frasa pada nomor 6 s/d 8 dapat mengikuti main clause atau berada pada posisi akhir.

http://www.ut.ac.id/html/suplemen/ping3226/ping12.htm

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